How To Beat Your Boss With Evolution Korea
Wiki Article
Evolution Korea
South Korea's democratic system is vulnerable to populist impulses. However, it's healthier than might be expected.
The country is searching for an alternative development model. A Confucian culture that values respect for ancestors and gendered family relations continues to influence the society. There are signs that a secular culture is gaining ground.
Origins
In the prehistoric era the ancestors of the modern Koreans survived by hunting and gathering wild food. Then around 10,000 years ago they began to cultivate crops including millet and beans. They also raised livestock, and even made furs. These people formed tribal states one after another in Manchuria and on the Korean peninsula. They also developed a metallurgy business, making iron tools and bronze. They traded with other states and introduced cedon, paper making, block printing art styles, as well as a written language to Japan.
Gojoseon was founded in 2333 BCE on the southern peninsula. The state adopted Chinese culture which included Confucian Philosophy and Buddhism. During this time the inhabitants of Buyeo became part of Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a hierarchical society in which a monarch and top officials were drawn from the landed aristocracy whereas the majority of the population were peasants. The state took taxes from these citizens, and sometimes required them to join the army or construct fortifications.
Onjo, a prince from Goguryeo who was also the son of Jumong who was the founder of Goguryeo established the state of Baekje towards the end of the time. The new kingdom grew into the southwest part of the peninsula, and clashed against Goguryeo's commanderies and China's in the area. Baekje accepted Confucian ideas into its state belief system in 1390 CE, and made the male-centered concept of filiopiety a doctrine. In the name of filiopiety fathers were accountable to their families and they must be respected and obeyed by all people, even their children and grandchildren.
Goryeo, which would rule from 918 until 1392 CE established the Hangul alphabet built on the patterns created by the mouth during pronunciation. This greatly improved communication and led to an increase in the writing of Buddhist text. Additionally, movable metallic type printing was introduced, and woodblock printing was improved. In 1145 CE the Samguk Sagi, or "History of the Three Kingdoms" was first recorded.
Development in Korea
The Korean peninsula was habitable from Neolithic times onwards. Early evidence of human settlements can be seen in the form cist graves paved with stone, with valuable items like amazonite jewelry buried with the dead. Megalithic structures, known as dolmens and constructed of single large stones, are common in the country.
Gojoseon became the first political state to be recognized in the first half of the 1st millennium BCE. After that the peninsula was ruled by various states during the Three Kingdoms period (57 BCfrom 635 CE) including Baekje Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla. The northern portion of the peninsula was for a while occupied by the Balhae Kingdom, which historians do not consider to be a genuine Korean state.
After the Three Kingdoms arose the Proto-Three Kingdoms Period, also known as the Several States Period. In all of them, Baekje was the most powerful of them all, but its dynasty ended by the fall of Goguryeo in 676 CE leaving Baekje with its southern territories of Manchuria and the western region surrounding the Hwanghae Bay, while eastern Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy thrived for some time.
The Unified Silla Kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms began to cooperate to expand their territories. Silla with the help of the Chinese eventually conquered and united the peninsula in 935.
As Korea enters the post-crisis period, its development paradigm appears to be changing. The people who are affronted by the enormous cost of the old system are urging a thorough program of liberalization in capital, labor, and product markets. On the other hand, champions of the old system want to preserve it by leveraging nationalist sentiments and inflating fears about job losses.
Analysts and academics are divided about the extent to which Korea's evolution is being driven by these two trends. This article analyzes the five phases of Korea's evolution in terms of its political development: democratically illiberal democracies (1945-60) democratic autoritarianism (1961-72) authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-1877) democratic paternalism (2001-2002) and democratic participation (2002). This article also identifies important factors that appear to be shaping these processes.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26 percent of the population is Christian. Creationists have had success in promoting their beliefs to this population. A survey from 2009 showed that nearly a third of respondents didn't believe in evolution. Of those who voted, 41% stated that there was insufficient scientific evidence to support the theory 39% of respondents believed it was contrary to their religious beliefs; and 17 percent said they did not comprehend it. This level of doubt is similar to that of the United States where a similar percentage do not believe humans evolved from less advanced forms of life.
In the past, the anti-evolution movement in Korea focused primarily on the education of students and in bringing Christ to them. In 1980 the year 1980, a four-day creation science seminar was held in Seoul during the World Evangelization Crusade. Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Giss of ICR were the featured speakers. This event was attended by an impressive crowd of scientists, professors, and church leaders.
The success of this event led to the establishment of the Korea Association of Creation Research (KACR) on January 31, 1981. The inaugural meeting was widely covered in national newspapers, such as The Korea Times and Chosun Ilbo and also was well-received by the public.
KACR began publishing a monthly newsletter called CREATION, in which it covered its activities and published articles about scientific evidence for creationism. It also translated a number of slides and film strips from ICR, as well as several books on creationism that were published outside of Korea. KACR members delivered lectures at universities and churches throughout the country.
One example of an KACR success story was at the KAIST university in Seoul. There, there were enough students fascinated by the concept of creationism that they raised the money and support to put up a small museum on website campus showing creationist models of fossils and other exhibits.
In addition to its public activities, KACR publishes a bimonthly news magazine, CREATION, which covers topics in the field of creation science. It also sponsored a series of talks by ICR staff. It has also established local branches that conduct seminars and give talks to children in schools and community groups.
Evolution in South Korea
In the late nineteenth century and into the early twentieth century, Korea began to adopt an increasingly Westernized lifestyle. The traditional hanbok, or Korean dress, gave way to miniskirts and other style elements from abroad. In the same way, traditional Korean music styles were replaced by contemporary rock and roll and jazz. In the period of this transition, the famous samulnori or dance-dramas with masks were extremely popular. These dramatic pieces were performed to the accompaniment of shaman drums and various musical instruments.
Korea's new development paradigm is being developed in the wake of the economic crisis. The main challenge for the new regime lies in the proper balance between state-led economic policies and market-oriented ones. It also involves changing the incentives, monitoring, and disciplining strategies that have shaped the pre-crisis system. These issues are addressed in Chapters 3 and 4.
Baekje was founded by Onjo Prince and third son of Jumong of Goguryeo was established by people from the Hangang River area, Buyeo and other regions as well as migrant workers from northern China. In the 4th century, in the early part of, Baekje was a major regional power and expanded its territory as far as Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do in the south. It was therefore in constant conflict with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanders on the border.
The fall of Silla in the late 8th and 9th centuries allowed powerful local factions to rise. Gungye was a noble from Later Baekje, established a kingdom with Songak as its capital. It also held control over a portion of present-day Jeolla and Chungcheong provinces. Then, he moved the capital to Wansanju and became a rival of Goguryeo.
His rule was however short-lived. After Gungye's defeat, he was overthrown by a powerful local leader Wang Geon, who united Goryeo with Baekje and Silla in 935. Later Baekje was peacefully incorporated into Goryeo as an alternative state. Wang Geon also introduced fundamental reforms, and strengthened the centrally-run system. This marked the closing of the Three Kingdoms period. From then on, the Korean peninsula was ruled by the Goryeo Dynasty. In the Three Kingdoms period, Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla gradually became powerful states in Manchuria and on the peninsula.